What is the operation principle of dental autoclave?


How an dental autoclave works (simplified): (1) Steam flows in through a pipe at the bottom and around a closed jacket that surrounds the main chamber (2), before entering the chamber itself (3). The steam sterilizes whatever has been placed inside (in this case, three blue drums) (4) before exiting through an exhaust pipe at the bottom (5). A tight door lock and gasket seal (6) keeps the steam securely inside. A safety valve (7) similar to the ones on a pressure cooker will pop out if the pressure gets too high.

What is the operation principle of dental autoclave?


Once the chamber is sealed, all the air is removed from it either by a simple vacuum pump (in a design called pre-vacuum) or by pumping in steam to force the air out of the way (an alternative design called gravity displacement). Next, steam is pumped through the chamber at a higher pressure than normal atmospheric pressure so it reaches a temperature of about 121–140°C (250–284°F). Once the required temperature is reached, a thermostat kicks in and starts a timer. The steam pumping continues for a minimum of about 3 minutes and a maximum of about 15–20 minutes (higher temperatures mean shorter times)—generally long enough to kill most microorganisms. The exact sterilizing time depends on a variety of factors, including the likely contamination level of the items being autoclaved (dirty items known to be contaminated will take longer to sterilize because they contain more microbes) and how the autoclave is loaded up (if steam can circulate more freely, autoclaving will be quicker and more effective).

Autoclaving is a bit like cooking, but as well as keeping an eye on the temperature and the time, the pressure matters too! Safety is all-important. Since you're using high-pressure, high-temperature steam, you have to be especially careful when you open an autoclave that there is no sudden release of pressure that could cause a dangerous steam explosion.

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